Efektivitas Antibakteri Sabun Cair yang Mengandung Ekstrak Biji Pinang terhadap Propionibacterium acnes: Antibacterial Effectiveness of Liquid Soap Containing Areca Nut Extract against Propionibacterium acnes

Agitya Resti Erwiyani; Ermala Rusiana; Niken Indriyani

doi:10.35473/jhhs.v7i1.543

Authors

Agitya Resti Erwiyani Universitas Ngudi Waluyo
Ermala Rusiana Universitas Ngudi Waluyo
Niken Indriyani Universitas Ngudi Waluyo

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35473/jhhs.v7i1.543

Keywords:

liquid soap, antibakteri, P. acnes, biji pinang

Abstract

Betel nuts contain secondary metabolites that have antibacterial activity. Cosmetic products that are often used as antibacterial agents are liquid soaps. The antibacterial potential of liquid soap against the bacterium Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) needs to be developed.P. acnes is a bacterium that plays a role in the formation of acne. The research aims to analyze the antibacterial activity and physical properties of palm seed extract liquid soap against P. acnes. The type of research used is experimental with a post-test control group design. The antibacterial activity test method used was the disk diffusion method. The liquid soap formulations, formulas 1, 2, and 3, contain extract concentrations of 1%, 3%, and 5%, respectively, and physical characteristics were observed on organoleptic parameters, pH, foam height, and viscosity over 28 days. The inhibition zone diameter data was analyzed using the One Way Anova and LSD statistical tests. Liquid soap formulas 1, 2, and 3 have organoleptic characteristics that are semi-viscous, brown in color, have a distinctive betel nut scent, and are homogeneous. Storage for 28 days showed no changes in organoleptic properties, pH value, foam height, and viscosity. Liquid soap formulas 1, 2, and 3 have antibacterial activity with average inhibition zone diameters of 14.1±0.59 mm (strong), 16.9±0.26 mm (strong), and 20.0±0.44 mm (very strong), respectively. The increase in the concentration of areca nut seed extract significantly affects the inhibition zone.

ABSTRAK

Biji pinang mengandung metabolit sekunder yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Produk kosmetik yang sering digunakan sebagai antibakteri adalah sabun cair. Potensi antibakteri sabun cair terhadap bakteri Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) perlu dikembangkan. P. acnes merupakan bakteri yang berperan terhadap terbentuknya jerawat. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis aktivitas antibakteri dan sifat fisik sabun cair ekstrak biji pinang terhadap P. acnes. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimental dengan desain post test control group design. Metode uji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi cakram. Formulasi sabun cair formula 1, 2 dan 3 mengandung konsentrasi ekstrak berturut – turut sebesar 1%, 3% dan 5% dilakukan pengamatan karakteristik fisik pada parameter organoleptis, pH, tinggi busa, dan viskositas selama 28 hari. Analisis data diameter zona hambat dilakukan menggunakan uji statistic One Way Anova dan LSD . Sabun cair formula 1, 2, dan 3 memiliki karakteristik organoleptis berbentuk semi kental, berwarna coklat, berbau khas pinang dan homogen. Penyimpanan selama 28 hari tidak menunjukkan perubahan organoleptis, nilai pH, tinggi busa dan viskositas. Sabun cair formula 1, 2, dan 3 memiliki aktivitas antibakteri dengan diameter zona hambat rata – rata berturut – turut sebesar 14,1±0,59 mm (kuat), 16,9±0,26 mm (kuat), dan 20,0±0,44 mm (sangat kuat). Peningkatan konsentrasi ekstrak biji pinang mempengaruhi zona hambat secara signifikan.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Beylot, C. et al. (2014) ‘Propionibacterium acnes: An update on its role in the pathogenesis of acne’, Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 28(3), pp. 271–278. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.12224.

Cahyani, S.I. and Hadriyati, A. (2020) ‘Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak dan Fraklsi Kulit Buah Pinang (Areca catechu L) Dari Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat’, Journal of Healthcare Technology and Medicine, 6(1), pp. 2615–109.

Dréno, B. et al. (2018) ‘Cutibacterium acnes (Propionibacterium acnes) and acne vulgaris: a brief look at the latest updates’, Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 32(2), pp. 5–14. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.15043.

Erwiyani, A.R., Gultom, D.S.R. and Oktianti, D. (2021) ‘Penetapan Kadar Flavonoid Total Ekstrak Etanol Biji Pinang (Areca catechu L.) Menggunakan Metode AlCl3’, Indonesian Journal ofPharmacy and Natural Product, 04(1), pp. 1–7.

Erwiyani, A.R., Rejeki, G.D.S. and Dian, O. (2021) ‘Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy and Natural Product Penetapan Kadar Flavonoid Total Ekstrak Etanol Biji Pinang (Areca catechu L.) Menggunakan Metode AlCl3 Total Flavonoid Content of Pinang Seed Extract (Areca catechu L) Using AlCl3 Method Agitya Resti Erwi’, Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy and Natural Product, 04(1), pp. 1–7.

Grover, M. (2021) ‘Areca catechu L. (Chikni Supari): A Review Based Upon its Ayurvedic and Pharmacological Properties’, The Journal of Phytopharmacology, 10(5), pp. 338–344. Available at: https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2021.10510.

Kregiel, D. et al. (2017) ‘Saponin-Based, Biological-Active Surfactants from Plants’, in Application and Characterization of Surfactants, pp. 183–205. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5772/68062.

Kursia, S., Fatmawaty, A. and Hafid, M. (2020) ‘The Activity , Formulation and Effectiveness of Liquid Soap Preparations of Arachis hypogaea L . Against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Pengujian Aktivitas , Formulasi dan Efektivitas Sediaan Liquid soap Cair Ekstrak Etanol Limbah Kulit Luar Kacang’, Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Sciences, 5(2), pp. 48–54.

Nurrosyidah, I.H., Asri, M. and FM, A. (2019) ‘Physical Stability Test of Solid Soap of Temugiring (Curcuma heyneana Valeton & Zijp) Rhizomes Extract Iif’, PHARMACY: Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia, 16(2), p. 209.

Pribadhi, A.N., Mastuti, S. and Purwaningrum, E. (2023) ‘Aktivitas Antibakteri Dari Bakteri Probiotik Dalam Melawan Propionibacterium acnes Dan Staphylococcus epidermidis’, Indobiosains, 5(1), pp. 1–7. Available at: https://doi.org/10.31851/indobiosains.v5i1.9659.

Puspitaningrum, R. and Fajriati, I. (2022) ‘Pengaruh Komposisi Sodium Lauryl Eter Sulfat Dalam Deterjen Kaolin Terhadap Mikroorganisme Pada Air Liur Anjing’, Analit: Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, 7(1), p. 21. Available at: https://doi.org/10.23960/aec.v7i1.2022.p21-34.

Rasyadi, Y., Yenti, R. and Jasril, A.P. (2019) ‘Formulasi dan Uji Stabilitas Fisik Liquid soap Mandi Cair Ekstrak Etanol Buah Kapulaga (Amomum compactum Sol. ex Maton)’, PHARMACY: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia (Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia), 16(2), p. 188. Available at: https://doi.org/10.30595/pharmacy.v16i2.5675.

Rinaldi, Fauziah and Mastura, R. (2021) ‘Formulasi Dan Uji Daya Hambat Liquid soap Cair Ekstrak Etanol Serai Wangi (Cymbopogon nardus L ) terhadap Pertumbuhan Staplylococcus aureus’, Jurnal Riset Kefarmasian Indonesia, 3(1), pp. 45–57.

Rusdianto, A.S. et al. (2021) ‘International Journal on Food, Agriculture, and Natural Resources The Characteristics of Liquid Soap with Additional Variations of Moringa Seed Extract (Moringa oleifera L.)’, International Journal on Food, Agriculture, and Natural Resources, 02(03), pp. 5–11. Available at: https://doi.org/10.46676/Ij-fanres.v2i3.43.

Salehi, B. et al. (2020) ‘Areca catechu—From farm to food and biomedical applications’, Phytotherapy Research, 34(9), pp. 2140–2158. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6665.

Sari, R. and Ferdinan, A. (2017) ‘Pengujian Aktivitas Antibakteri Liquid soap Cair dari Ekstrak Kulit Daun Lidah Buaya Antibacterial’, Pharm Sci Res, 4(3), pp. 111–120.

Satolom, C.C., Runtuwene, M.R.J. and Abidjulu, J. (2015) ‘Isolasi Senyawa Flavonoid Pada Biji Pinang Yaki (Areca vestiaria Giseke)’, Jurnal MIPA, 4(1), pp. 40–45. Available at: https://doi.org/10.35799/jm.4.1.2015.6903.

Senduk, T.W., Montolalu, L.A.D.Y. and Dotulong, V. (2020) ‘Rendemen Ekstrak Air Rebusan Daun Tua Mangrove Sonneratia alba (The rendement of boiled water extract of mature leaves of mangrove Sonneratia alba )’, Jurnal Perikanan dan Kelautan Tropis, 11(1), pp. 9–15.

Widyaningsih, S. et al. (2018) ‘Formulation of Antibacterial Liquid Soap from Nyamplung Seed Oil (Calophyllum inophyllum L) with Addition of Curcuma heyneana and its Activity Test on Staphylococcus aureus’, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 349(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/349/1/012062.

Wijaya, H., Novitasari and Jubaidah, S. (2018) ‘Perbandingan Metode Ekstraksi Terhadap Rendemen Ekstrak Daun Rambui Laut (Sonneratia caseolaris L. Engl)’, Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung, 4(1), pp. 79–83.

Yuan, M. et al. (2019) ‘Two new flavonoids from the nuts of areca catechu’, Molecules, 24(16), pp. 1–7. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24162862.