Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas Glover–Nilsson Smoking Behaviour Questionnaire (GN-SBQ) Versi Bahasa Indonesia: Validity and Reliability Test of Glover–Nilsson Smoking Behavior Questionnaire (GN-SBQ) Indonesian Version

Gipta Galih Widodo

doi:10.35473/jhhs.v7i1.582

Authors

Gipta Galih Widodo Universitas Ngudi Waluyo

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35473/jhhs.v7i1.582

Keywords:

GN-SBQ, Perilaku Merokok, Indonesia

Abstract

Smoking addiction remains a significant public health issue in Indonesia, and accurate measurement of smoking behavior is essential to support effective interventions. The Glover–Nilsson Smoking Behaviour Questionnaire(GN-SBQ) is designed to assess psychological and behavioral aspects of tobacco dependence but has not yet been validated in an Indonesian-language version. This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of the GN-SBQ as a tool for measuring behavioral smoking dependence. A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted with 102 active smokers aged ≥40 years. Cultural adaptation of the GN-SBQ involved forward-backward translation, pre-testing, and cognitive interviews. Content validity was evaluated using the Content Validity Index (CVI), construct validity was assessed through exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and internal consistency was measured using Cronbach’s alpha. All items demonstrated I-CVI values ≥ 0.8, and the overall scale S-CVI/Ave was 0.93. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value was 0.860, and Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity was significant (p < 0.001), confirming sampling adequacy for factor analysis. EFA identified two main components—habitual smoking behavior and emotional/situational response—that together explained 63% of the total variance. All items had factor loadings above 0.4. The overall Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.767, indicating acceptable internal consistency. The Indonesian version of the GN-SBQ is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing behavioral aspects of smoking dependence. It is suitable for use in clinical practice and research settings in Indonesia and can support more comprehensive and culturally relevant smoking cessation interventions.

ABSTRAK

Kecanduan merokok merupakan permasalahan kesehatan masyarakat yang signifikan di Indonesia, dan pengukuran yang akurat terhadap dimensi perilaku merokok diperlukan untuk mendukung intervensi yang efektif. Glover–Nilsson Smoking Behaviour Questionnaire (GN-SBQ) merupakan instrumen yang dirancang untuk menilai aspek psikologis dan perilaku dari kecanduan merokok, namun belum tersedia dalam versi Bahasa Indonesia yang tervalidasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas GN-SBQ versi Bahasa Indonesia sebagai alat ukur kecanduan merokok berbasis perilaku. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan melibatkan 102 perokok aktif berusia ≥40 tahun. Proses adaptasi budaya dilakukan melalui tahapan forward-backward translation, pre-testing, dan wawancara kognitif. Uji validitas mencakup validitas isi (Content Validity Index), validitas konstruk melalui analisis faktor eksploratori (exploratory factor analysis), serta uji reliabilitas menggunakan koefisien Cronbach’s Alpha. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa semua item memiliki I-CVI ≥ 0,8 dan S-CVI/Ave sebesar 0,93. Nilai KMO sebesar 0,860 dan Bartlett’s Test signifikan (p < 0,001), menunjukkan data layak untuk analisis faktor. EFA mengidentifikasi dua faktor utama yang menjelaskan 63% total varians, yaitu dimensi kebiasaan merokok dan respons emosional/situasional. Seluruh item memiliki factor loading > 0,4. Nilai Cronbach’s Alpha sebesar 0,767 menunjukkan reliabilitas internal yang baik. GN-SBQ versi Bahasa Indonesia terbukti valid dan reliabel untuk mengukur kecanduan merokok berbasis perilaku. Instrumen ini layak digunakan dalam penelitian dan praktik klinis di Indonesia, serta dapat mendukung upaya intervensi penghentian merokok yang lebih komprehensif dan kontekstual.

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