Efektivitas Terapi Relaksasi dalam Menurunkan Kadar Gula Darah dan Tingkat Kecemasan pada Pasien Diabetes : Tinjauan Sistematis: The Effectiveness of Relaxation Therapy in Reducing Blood Glucose Levels and Anxiety in Patients with Diabetes: A Systematic Review

Nanang Munif Yasin; Paulina Ambarsari M.; Bambang Hastha Yoga; Thendi Abdul Arief

doi:10.35473/jhhs.v7i2.663

Authors

Nanang Munif Yasin Universitas Gadjah Mada
Paulina Ambarsari M. Universitas Gadjah Mada
Bambang Hastha Yoga Universitas Gadjah Mada
Thendi Abdul Arief Universitas Gadjah Mada

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35473/jhhs.v7i2.663

Keywords:

Kecemasan, Kadar Gula Darah, Terapi Relaksasi

Abstract

Individuals with diabetes mellitus were particularly vulnerable to psychological issues such as stress and anxiety, which could further exacerbate their condition. This systematic review aimed to identify the most effective relaxation therapies for reducing anxiety and blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes mellitus. Following PRISMA guidelines, a literature search was conducted across ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases between December 2024 and Desember 2025, resulting in the selection of ten articles based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings revealed that Murrotal Audio Therapy (P value 0,000), Classical Music Therapy (P value 0,000), and Yoga (P Value <0,001) had the most notable effects on lowering blood glucose levels. The underlying mechanisms varied, involving endorphin release, increased immunoglobulin A levels, and enhanced coping strategies that promoted physiological relaxation. Overall, the reviewed studies demonstrated that relaxation therapies had a beneficial impact on stress, anxiety, and glycemic control in diabetes patients. Although the use of relaxation therapy in diabetes care remained an evolving field, current evidence supported its potential and highlighted the need for future research involving combined interventions, extended durations, and larger populations.

ABSTRAK

Penderita diabetes melitus sangat rentan terhadap masalah psikologis seperti stres dan kecemasan, yang dapat memperburuk kondisi penyakit. Studi tinjauan sistematis ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi terapi relaksasi yang paling efektif dalam menurunkan tingkat kecemasan dan kadar glukosa darah pada pasien diabetes melitus. Proses pencarian literatur dilakukan sesuai pedoman PRISMA melalui basis data Science Direct, Google Scholar, dan Cochrane selama bulan Desember 2024 hingga Desember 2025, dengan sepuluh artikel terpilih berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang telah ditetapkan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terapi audio Murrotal (P Value = 0,000), terapi musik klasik (P value 0,000), dan Yoga (P Value <0,001) memberikan penurunan kadar glukosa darah signifikan. Mekanisme yang mendasari penurunan glukosa dan kecemasan melalui terapi relaksasi bervariasi, termasuk pelepasan endorfin, peningkatan kadar imunoglobulin A, serta penguatan mekanisme koping yang secara keseluruhan mendukung relaksasi tubuh. Secara umum, studi-studi yang ditinjau menunjukkan bahwa intervensi terapi relaksasi memberikan dampak positif terhadap penurunan stres, kecemasan, dan kontrol glikemik pada pasien diabetes. Meskipun pemanfaatan terapi relaksasi dalam penatalaksanaan diabetes masih berkembang, temuan yang ada mendukung potensi penggunaannya serta mendorong perlunya penelitian lanjutan dengan kombinasi terapi, durasi yang lebih panjang, dan jumlah sampel yang lebih besar.

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