Potensi Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Gatal (Laportea aestuans L. Chew) Terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dengan Metode Dilusi Cair
Antibacterial Potential of Itchy Leaf Extract (Laportea aestuans L. Chew) Against Staphylococcus aureus Using Liquid Dilution Method
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35473/jhhs.v8i1.720Keywords:
Antibakteri, Daun Gatal, Laportea aestuans, Metode dilusi, Staphylococcus aureusAbstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogenic bacterium often associated with skin infections and various other diseases. The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance has prompted the search for alternative antibacterial agents derived from medicinal plants. Daun Itch (Laportea aestuans L. Chew), a plant from Eastern Indonesia, known locally as daun itch, contains bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids, which are reported to have antimicrobial potential. This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of daun itch against Staphylococcus aureus using the liquid dilution method. Daun itch was macerated using 70% ethanol for 5 days, phytochemical screening tests were carried out using two methods, namely Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Tube Test. Observation of antibacterial activity by determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) through a series of dilutions in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) media. The results of phytochemical screening showed that the ethanol extract of daun itch contains flavonoids, saponins, tannins and terpenoids using TLC and Tube Test. Bacterial growth was assessed visually based on turbidity and confirmed by subculture on Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA). The MIC and MBC values of the ethanol extract against Staphylococcus aureus were 300 mg/mL and 600 mg/mL, respectively. These concentrations indicate that the higher the concentration used, the greater the inhibitory effect on bacterial growth. These findings indicate that the extract of daun itch leaves has significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and can serve as a natural source of antibacterial agents. Further research is needed to isolate and characterize the active compounds that act as antibacterials.
ABSTRAK
Staphylococcus aureus adalah bakteri patogen yang sering dikaitkan dengan infeksi kulit dan berbagai penyakit lainnya. Prevalensi resistensi antibiotik yang semakin meningkat telah mendorong pencarian agen antibakteri alternatif yang berasal dari tanaman obat. Daun Gatal (Laportea aestuans L. Chew), tanaman dari Indonesia Timur, yang dikenal secara lokal sebagai daun gatal, mengandung senyawa bioaktif seperti flavonoid, tanin, saponin, dan terpenoid, yang dilaporkan memiliki potensi antimikroba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun gatal terhadap Staphylococcus aureus menggunakan metode dilusi cair. Daun gatal dimaserasi menggunakan etanol 70% selama 5 hari, uji skrining fitokimia dilakukan dengan dua metode yaitu Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT) dan Uji Tabung. Pengamatan aktivitas antibakteri dengan menentukan Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM) dan Konsentrasi Bunuh Minimum (KBM) melalui seri pengenceran dalam media Brain Heart Infusion (BHI). Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun gatal mengandung senyawa flavonoid, saponin, tanin dan terpenoid menggunakan uji KLT dan Uji Tabung. Pertumbuhan bakteri dinilai secara visual berdasarkan kekeruhan dan dikonfirmasi dengan subkultur pada Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA). Nilai KHM dan KBM ekstrak etanol terhadap Staphylococcus aureus adalah 300 mg/mL dan 600 mg/mL. Konsentrasi tersebut menunjukkan semakin tinggi konsentrasi yang digunakan maka efek penghambatan pertumbuhan bakteri juga akan meningkat. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun daun gatal memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang signifikan terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan dapat berfungsi sebagai sumber alami agen antibakteri. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mengisolasi dan mengkarakterisasi senyawa aktif yang berperan sebagai antibakteri.
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