Efektivitas Latihan Kaki terhadap Kualitas Hidup pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2: Sebuah Studi Kuasi-Eksperimental: Effectiveness of Foot Exercise on Quality of Life in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Nabila Zidni Aulia; Rosalina

doi:10.35473/jhhs.v8i1.729

Authors

Nabila Zidni Aulia Universitas Ngudi Waluyo
Rosalina Universitas Ngudi Waluyo

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35473/jhhs.v8i1.729

Keywords:

Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2, Senam Kaki, Kualitas Hidup, Intervensi Nonfarmakologis, Keperawatan, Aktivitas Fisik

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that not only impacts metabolic aspects but also multidimensionally impacts patients' quality of life. This study aims to analyze the effect of foot exercise intervention on quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, as a non-pharmacological approach that is easily implemented in care practices. This study used a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test approach. Respondents consisted of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who met the inclusion criteria and the WHOQOL-BREF quality of life measurement instrument. The foot exercise intervention was delivered in a structured manner for 2 weeks, and analysis was performed to compare changes before and after the intervention using an independent t-test. The results showed a significant improvement in patients' quality of life after the foot exercise intervention, with a p-value of 0.000. This improvement was seen in various domains, particularly physical and psychological aspects. Physiologically, the improvement in quality of life was influenced by changes in peripheral circulation, glycemic control, and reduced neuropathic pain. Psychologically, physical activity contributed to improved mood, self-confidence, and the ability to adapt to chronic illness. Overall, foot exercise has been shown to be an effective non-pharmacological intervention in improving the quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of integrating physical activity into evidence-based care. This intervention contributes not only to clinical aspects but also to improving patients' holistic well-being.

ABSTRAK

Diabetes Mellitus tipe 2 merupakan penyakit kronis yang tidak hanya berdampak pada aspek metabolik, tetapi juga memengaruhi kualitas hidup pasien secara multidimensional. Penelitian ini dilakukan di puskesmas adanya peningkatan kasus DM serta didasarkan pada ketersediaan populasi yang relevan serta kemudahan dalam implementasi intervensi nonfarmakologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh intervensi senam kaki terhadap kualitas hidup pada pasien Diabetes Mellitus tipe 2, sebagai salah satu pendekatan nonfarmakologis yang mudah diterapkan dalam praktik keperawatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain quasi-eksperimental dengan pendekatan pre-test dan post-test control group. Responden terdiri dari pasien Diabetes Mellitus tipe 2 yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, instrumen pengukuran kualitas hidup WHOQOL-BREF. Intervensi senam kaki diberikan secara terstruktur selama 2 minggu, dan analisis dilakukan untuk membandingkan perubahan sebelum dan sesudah intervensi dengan t-test independent. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan signifikan kualitas hidup pasien setelah diberikan intervensi senam kaki dengan nilai p-value 0,000. Peningkatan ini terlihat pada berbagai domain, terutama aspek fisik dan psikologis. Secara fisiologis, perbaikan kualitas hidup dipengaruhi oleh peningkatan sirkulasi perifer, kontrol glikemik, serta penurunan nyeri neuropatik. Secara psikologis, aktivitas fisik berkontribusi pada peningkatan suasana hati, kepercayaan diri, dan kemampuan adaptasi terhadap penyakit kronis. Secara keseluruhan, senam kaki terbukti sebagai intervensi nonfarmakologis yang efektif dalam meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien Diabetes Mellitus tipe 2. Implikasi dari penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya integrasi aktivitas fisik dalam praktik keperawatan berbasis bukti. Intervensi ini tidak hanya berkontribusi pada aspek klinis, tetapi juga pada peningkatan kesejahteraan holistik pasien.

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