Hubungan Pengetahuan Wanita Usia Subur Tentang Kanker Serviks dengan Partisipasi Pemeriksaan IVA  (Inspeksi Visual Asam Asetat): The Relationship Between Knowledge of Women of Childbearing Age About Cervical Cancer and Participation in IVA (Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid) Examination

Nuraini Yulianti; Luvi Dian Afriyani

doi:10.35473/jhhs.v8i1.731

Authors

Nuraini Yulianti Universitas Ngudi Waluyo
Luvi Dian Afriyani Universitas Ngudi Waluyo

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35473/jhhs.v8i1.731

Keywords:

Kanker Serviks, Pengetahuan, Wanita Usia Subur, Pemeriksaan IVA

Abstract

Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of death among women, particularly in developing countries, and can be prevented through early detection using the Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) test. However, the coverage of VIA screening at UPTD Puskesmas Sepaku III remains low. This is due to limited knowledge contribute to low participation in VIA screening. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the level of knowledge of women of reproductive age (WRA) about cervical cancer and their participation in VIA screening in the working area of UPTD Puskesmas Sepaku III. The literature review in this study employed the Health Belief Model (HBM) framework to explain how knowledge influences risk perception, perceived benefits, and individual decision-making regarding screening. The research used a quantitative method with a correlational analytic design and a cross-sectional approach. Sampling was conducted using a simple random sampling technique involving 95 women of reproductive age. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability, and were then analyzed using the chi-square statistical test. The results showed that most respondents had a good level of knowledge; however, although the majority were knowledgeable, there were still proportions of women with moderate and low knowledge that statistically influenced participation in VIA screening. Statistical analysis indicated a significant relationship between the level of knowledge of women of reproductive age about cervical cancer and participation in VIA screening (p-value = 0.027). This study concludes that knowledge plays an important role in encouraging women’s participation in VIA screening; therefore, continuous and contextually relevant health education needs to be strengthened.

ABSTRAK

Kanker serviks merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kematian pada perempuan, khususnya di negara berkembang, yang dapat dicegah melalui deteksi dini menggunakan pemeriksaan Inspeksi Visual Asam Asetat (IVA). Namun, cakupan pemeriksaan IVA di UPTD Puskesmas Sepaku III masih tergolong rendah. Hal ini disebabkan karena rendahnya pengetahuan mempengaruhi rendahnya partisipasi dalam pemeriksaan IVA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan wanita usia subur (WUS) tentang kanker serviks dengan partisipasi pemeriksaan IVA di wilayah kerja UPTD Puskesmas Sepaku III. Kajian pustaka dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kerangka Health Belief Model (HBM) untuk menjelaskan bagaimana pengetahuan mempengaruhi persepsi risiko, manfaat, dan keputusan individu dalam melakukan skrining. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan desain analitik korelasional dan pendekatan cross-sectional. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan menggunakan teknik simple random sampling terhadap 95 WUS. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner terstruktur yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan baik, meskipun mayoritas berpengetahuan baik, masih terdapat proporsi WUS dengan pengetahuan cukup dan kurang yang memengaruhi partisipasi pemeriksaan IVA secara statistik. Analisis statistik menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat pengetahuan WUS tentang kanker serviks dengan partisipasi pemeriksaan IVA (p-value = 0,027). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pengetahuan berperan penting dalam mendorong partisipasi WUS dalam pemeriksaan IVA, sehingga diperlukan penguatan edukasi kesehatan yang berkelanjutan dan kontekstual.

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