Studi In Vitro Aktivitas Antibakteri dan Antifungi Minyak Atsiri Bunga Lily (Lilium) terhadap Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) dan Candida albicans (ATCC 1023): In Vitro Study of the Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Lily (Lilium) Essential Oil Against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans

Arika Putri Wardani; Hasriyani; Fahrudin Arif

doi:10.35473/jhhs.v8i2.741

Authors

Arika Putri Wardani Universitas Muhammadiyah Kudus
Hasriyani Universitas Muhammadiyah Kudus
Fahrudin Arif Universitas Muhammadiyah Kudus

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35473/jhhs.v8i2.741

Keywords:

Minyak Atsiri Bunga Lily, Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, Antibakteri, Antifungi

Abstract

Dental caries is a common oral health problem primarily caused by the bacterium Streptococcus mutans and the fungus Candida albicans. The use of chemical antimicrobial agents may cause adverse effects, highlighting the need for safer natural alternatives such as Lilium (lily) essential oil. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of Lilium essential oil against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans in vitro using the well diffusion method. A laboratory experimental design was conducted using essential oil concentrations of 10%, 15%, and 20%. The evaluated parameters included phytochemical screening, physical quality, and inhibition zone diameter. The results showed that Lilium essential oil contained alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, and terpenoids and exhibited good physical quality. The inhibition zones against Streptococcus mutans were 1.97 ± 0.38 mm, 5.35 ± 2.06 mm, and 11.40 ± 0.91 mm, while those against Candida albicans were 4.30 ± 0.86 mm, 7.35 ± 1.20 mm, and 17.40 ± 0.75 mm at 10%, 15%, and 20%, respectively. Statistical analysis showed significant differences among concentrations (p < 0.05), with 20% demonstrating the strongest antimicrobial activity.

ABSTRAK

Karies gigi merupakan masalah kesehatan mulut yang banyak disebabkan oleh bakteri Streptococcus mutans dan jamur Candida albicans. Penggunaan bahan kimia sebagai antimikroba berpotensi menimbulkan efek samping, sehingga diperlukan alternatif alami, salah satunya minyak atsiri bunga lily (Lilium). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efektivitas minyak atsiri bunga lily dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans dan Candida albicans secara in vitro menggunakan metode well diffusion. Penelitian eksperimen laboratorium ini menggunakan konsentrasi 10%, 15%, dan 20%. Parameter yang diamati meliputi skrining fitokimia, mutu fisik minyak atsiri, dan diameter zona hambat. Hasil menunjukkan minyak atsiri bunga lily mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, fenol, dan terpenoid serta memiliki mutu fisik yang baik. Aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Streptococcus mutans menghasilkan zona hambat 1,97 ± 0,38 mm; 5,35 ± 2,06 mm; dan 11,40 ± 0,91 mm, sedangkan aktivitas antifungi terhadap Candida albicans sebesar 4,30 ± 0,86 mm; 7,35 ± 1,20 mm; dan 17,40 ± 0,75 mm pada konsentrasi 10%, 15%, dan 20%. Analisis statistik menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan (p < 0,05), dengan konsentrasi 20% sebagai yang paling efektif menghambat pertumbuhan kedua mikroorganisme.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Adella, A. (2021). Identifikasi Jamur Candida albicans Pada Saliva Penderita Diabetes Melitus: Literature Review. Teknolab Journal, 4(2). https://etd.umy.ac.id/id/eprint/49381

Alifuddin, M. D., Ukratalo, A. M., & Tuhumury, F. D. A. (2025). Tumbuhan Herbal sebagai Alternatif Penghambat Bakteri Streptococcus mutans dalam Terapi Karies Gigi. Vitamin: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Umum, 3(2), 198–222. https://doi.org/10.61132/vitamin.v3i2.1315

Aljaafari, M. N., Alkhoori, M. A., Hag-Ali, M., Cheng, W. H., Lim, S. H. E., Loh, J. Y., & Lai, K. S. (2022). Contribution of Aldehydes and Their Derivatives to Antimicrobial and Immunomodulatory Activities. In Molecules, MDPI (Vol. 27, Number 11). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27113589

Annora Rizky Amalia. (2024). Uji Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (Khm) Minyak Atsiri Adas (Foeniculum Vulgare Mill.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Propionibacterium Acnes Dengan Metode Sumuran. Jurnal Review Pendidikan Dan Pengajaran. Vol 7 (3), 2655-6022. http://journal.universitaspahlawan.ac.id/index.php/jrpp

Ardiansah, N., Ifaya, M., & Fauziah, R. (2025). Uji Aktivitas Antimikroba Ekstrak Etanol Daun Meistera chinensis terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli dan Jamur Candida albicans. Jurnal Pharmacia Mandala Waluya, 4(2), 142–155. https://doi.org/10.54883/jpmw.v4i2.313

Aryzki, S., & Febrianti, D. R. (2023). Aktivitas Minyak Atsiri Bunga Lili (Lilium auratum) terhadap Bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Jurnal Pharmascience, 10(1), 102–109. https://ppjp.ulm.ac.id/journal/index.php/pharmascience

Badan Kebijakan Pembangunan Kesehatan, Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2023). Survei Kesehatan Indonesia 2023 dalam Angka. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.

Bolouri, P., Salami, R., Kouhi, S., Kordi, M., Asgari Lajayer, B., Hadian, J., & Astatkie, T. (2022). Applications of Essential Oils and Plant Extracts in Different Industries. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). (Vol. 27, Issue 24). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27248999

Faizin, F. A., Putri, R., & Khudzaifi, M. (2025). Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kelengkeng (Dimocarpus longan L.) dalam Sediaan Mouthwash Terhadap Bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Journal Of Social Science Research, 5(1), 1054-1072. https://j-innovative.org/index.php/Innovative

Febrianti, D. R., Musiam, S., & Kurniawan, D. (2021). Aktivitas Minyak Atsiri Bunga Lily (Lilium auratum) terhadap Bakteri Salmonella Typhi. Jurnal Komunitas Farmasi Nasional, 1(2), 197–203. https://jkfn.akfaryarsiptk.ac.id/index.php/jkfn/article/view/32

Gloria-Garza, M. A., Reyna-Martínez, G. R., Jiménez-Salas, Z., Campos-Góngora, E., Kačániová, M., Aguirre-Cavazos, D. E., Bautista-Villarreal, M., Leos- Rivas, C., & Elizondo-Luevano, J. H. (2025). Medicinal Plants Against Dental Caries: Research and Application of Their Antibacterial Properties. In Plants. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). (Vol. 14, Issue 9). https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14091390

Halimathussadiah, Dewi R. Niken I. (2021). Uji Aktivitas Minyak Atsiri Daun Pala (Myristica fragrans Houtt) Sebagai Antibakteri. Journal homepage Mulawarman pharmaceuticals conferences. vol. (13), 1-287, ISSN 2614-47780. https://doi.org/10.25026/mpc.v13i1.448

Hamidi, Z., Sribudiani, E., & Pramana, A. (2024). Rendemen Dan Kualitas Minyak Atsiri Pucuk Merah Dengan Metode Penyulingan Uap. Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan. Vol 42 (2) , 19-27. https://doi.org/10.55981/jphh.2024.4503

Hossain, M. L., Lim, L. Y., Hammer, K., Hettiarachchi, D., & Locher, C. (2022). A Review of Commonly Used Methodologies for Assessing the Antibacterial Activity of Honey and Honey Products. In Antibiotics. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). (Vol. 11, Issue 7). https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11070975

Mangalagiri NP, Panditi SK, Jeevigunta NLL. 2021 Apr. Antimicrobial activity of essential plant oils and their major components. Heliyon. 24;7(4):e06835. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06835. PMID: 33997385; PMCID: PMC8099760.

Mohideen, M., Farzana Ibrahim, I., Azzalia Kamaruzaman, N., & Author, C. (2025). Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Properties of Essential Oil from Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) Peel. In Asian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences (Vol. 8, Issue 1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.70672/mkgbvg04

Nurhamidin, A. P. R., Fatimawali, & Antasionasti, I. (2021). Antibacterial activity test of n-hexane extract of langsat fruit seeds (Lansium domesticum Corr) against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria. ejournal unsrat. 10(1) 748-755. https://doi.org/10.35799/pha.10.2021.32772

Patel, M. (2022). Oral Cavity and Candida albicans: Colonisation to the Development of Infection. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). (Vol. 11, Issue 3). https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11030335

Patricia, I. D., Kaban, V. E., & Ginting, A. N. B. (2026). Uji Aktivitas Antijamur Nanopartikel Zink Oksida (ZnO) Ekstrak Kulit Jengkol terhadap Candida albicans. INSOLOGI: Jurnal Sains Dan Teknologi, 5(1), 231–242. https://doi.org/10.55123/insologi.v5i1.7539

Perwati, I. G., Suarna, N., & Suprapti, T. (2024). Analisis Klasifikasi Gambar Bunga Lily Menggunakan Metode Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) dalam Pengolahan Citra. Jurnal Mahasiswa Teknik Informatika, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.36040/jati.v8i3.9193

Rahmah, W. N., Ramdhani, F. H., & Hidayani, A. (2024). Gambaran Hasil Uji Sensitivitas Antibiotik Terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli dengan Metode DISC dan Sumuran. Jurnal Surya Medika, 10(2), 344–348. https://doi.org/10.33084/jsm.v10i2.7495

Rismayuti, B. A., Risa Supriningrum, & Supomo. (2024). Karakterisasi Dan Skrining Fitokimia Ekstrak Bunga Telang (Clitoria ternatea L.). Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung, 10(2), 107–117. https://doi.org/10.51352/jim.v10i2.796

Ropiqa, M., Ristia Rahman, I., Kurniawan, H., & Kurnianto, E. (2023). Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Minyak Atsiri Kulit Jeruk Pontianak (Citrus nobilis Lour. var. microcarpa) terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Staphylococcus mutans. Journal Syifa Sciences and Clinical Research, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.37311/jsscr.v5i1.18170

Rukmini, A., Utomo, D. H., & Laily, A. N. (2020). Skrining Fitokimia Familia Piperaceae. In Jurnal Biologi dan Pembelajarannya (Vol. 7, Issue 1). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349155443_Skrining_Fitokimia_Familia_Piperaceae

Saulie, A., & Kulla, D. K. (2024). Skrining Fitokimia Minyak Atsiri Kulit Jeruk Manis (Citrus sinensis) dan Batang Serai (Cymbopogon citratus). Journal of Healthcare Technology and Medicine, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.33143/jhtm.v10i1.3939

Tongkeles, N. S., Sinaga, R. C., & Malingkas, T. D. (2024). Kualitas Fisiko-Kimia Minyak Atsiri Sereh Wangi (Cymbopogon winterianus) Tipe Mahapengiri Berdasarkan Standar Mutu. Jurnal Bios Logos, 14(3), 25–32. https://doi.org/10.35799/jbl.v14i3.59054

Wahyuningsih, E. S., Puspitasari, M., Gunarti, N. S., & Alkandahri, M. Y. (2023). Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Face Mist Ekstrak Etanol Daun Andong Merah (Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A. Chev.) terhadap Propionibacterium acnes. Pharma Xplore: Jurnal Sains Dan Ilmu Farmasi, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.36805/jpx.v8i2.5907

Zulfa, A., Anggun, L., & Hasriyani, M. R. (2020). Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol 70% Biji Lada Hitam (Piper nigrum L.) terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli. Indonesia Jurnal Farmasi, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.26751/ijf.v5i2.1172