Formulasi dan Uji Mutu Fisik Face Mist Ekstrak Daun Jamblang (Syzygium cumini L.) serta Aktivitas Antibakteri terhadap Propionibacterium acnes

Formulation and Physical Quality Evaluation of Face Mist Containing Jamblang Leaf Extract (Syzygium cumini L.) and Its Antibacterial Activity against Propionibacterium acnes

Abstract

Acne vulgaris is a skin disorder caused by excessive sebum production, which leads to inflammation of the hair follicles and sebaceous glands. This condition is characterized by the appearance of reddish lesions triggered by infection with the bacterium Propionibacterium acnes. Although synthetic antibiotics are effective, the risk of side effects and bacterial resistance has encouraged the search for natural alternatives. This study aimed to formulate a face mist that meets physical quality requirements using jamblang leaf extract as the active ingredient and to evaluate its antibacterial activity against P. acnes. This study employed an experimental research design. Jamblang leaf extract was formulated into a face mist at concentrations of 3%, 5%, and 7% (w/v). The physical quality of the formulations was evaluated through organoleptic and homogeneity tests, viscosity, pH, specific gravity, spray spreadability, and drying time. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the well-diffusion method and analyzed using One-Way ANOVA. The results showed that jamblang leaves contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids, and terpenoids. The face mist formulations were green in color, had a characteristic leaf aroma, and exhibited a liquid consistency. The viscosity ranged from 1.16 ± 0.115 cP to 4.40 ± 0.754 cP, pH ranged from 4.86 ± 0.045 to 5.40 ± 0.045, specific gravity ranged from 1.018 ± 0.010 g/mL to 1.044 ± 0.002 g/mL, spray spreadability ranged from 5.40 ± 0.057 cm to 7.00 ± 0 cm, and drying time ranged from 2.42 ± 0.02 to 4.35 ± 0.075 minutes. The antibacterial activity of face mist formulations F1 (3%), F2 (5%), and F3 (7%) against P. acnes produced inhibition zones of 10.27 ± 1.625 mm, 14.79 ± 3.215 mm, and 18.67 ± 3.230 mm, respectively. All face mist formulations met the requirements for good physical quality. Based on the antibacterial activity results, F1 (3%) was categorized as having moderate activity, while F2 (5%) and F3 (7%) were categorized as having strong activity. The One-Way ANOVA results showed a significance value of <0.05, indicating a significant difference in antibacterial activity among the different formulations. A Post Hoc LSD test was performed to identify the specific formulation groups with significant differences. The results showed a significant difference between F1 (3%) and F3 (7%). However, no significant differences were found between F1 (3%) and F2 (5%) or between F2 (5%) and F3 (7%), as the significance values were >0.05. Overall, the inhibition-zone results showed that the three formulations exhibited different levels of antibacterial activity, with F1 (3%) showing moderate activity, while F2 (5%) and F3 (7%) demonstrated strong antibacterial activity.

ABSTRAK

Jerawat (Acne vulgaris) merupakan gangguan kulit akibat produksi sebum berlebih yang menyebabkan peradangan pada folikel rambut dan kelenjar sebasea. Kondisi ini ditandai dengan munculnya bintil kemerahan yang dipicu oleh infeksi bakteri Propionibacterium acnes Antibiotik sintesis efektif tetapi risiko efek samping dan resistensi bakteri mendorong pencarian alternatif alami. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memformulasikan face mist yang memenuhi mutu fisik menggunakan ekstrak daun jamblang sebagai zat aktif serta menguji aktivitas antibakterinya terhadap P. acnes. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimental. Metode penelitian ini ekstrak daun jamblang diformulasikan dalam bentuk face mist dengan konsentrasi (b/v%) 3%, 5%, 7% mutu fisik dievaluasi secara uji organoleptis dan homogenitas, viskositas, pH, bobot jenis, daya sebar semprot, waktu kering dan uji antibakterinya menggunakan difusi sumuran yang dianalisis dengan uji One Way ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan daun jamblang mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin, steroid, terpenoid. Sediaan face mist berwarna hijau beraroma khas daun dan cair yang memiliki viskositas 1,16 ±0,115 cPs sampai 4.4 ± 0,754 cPs, pH 4,86 ±0,045 sampai 5,40 ± 0,045, bobot jenis 1,018 ±0,010 g/mL sampai 1,044 ±0,002 g/mL, daya semprot 5,4 ± 0,057 cm sampai 7 ± 0 cm, waktu kering 2.42 ± 0,02 menit sampai 4.35 ± 0,075 menit. Aktivitas daya hambat face mist F1 (3%), F2 (5%), F3 (7%) terhadap P. acnes sebesar 10,27 ± 1,625 mm, 14,79 ± 3,215 mm, 18,67 ±3,230 mm. Semua formulasi face mist memenuhi syarat mutu fisik yang baik, untuk hasil uji antibakteri konsentrasi (b/v%) F1 3%, kategori sedang F2 5% kategori kuat F3 7%. Hasil uji One Way ANOVA menunjukkan nilai signifikansi < 0,05, yang mengindikasikan adanya perbedaan aktivitas antibakteri antar variasi formula. Uji Post Hoc LSD dilakukan untuk mengetahui kelompok yang memiliki perbedaan signifikan secara spesifik. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara F1 (3%) dan F3 (7%). Sementara itu, tidak ditemukan perbedaan signifikan antara F1 (3%) dengan F2 (5%) maupun F3 (7%) karena nilai signifikansi >0,05. Secara keseluruhan, hasil uji zona hambat menunjukkan bahwa ketiga formulasi memiliki tingkat aktivitas penghambatan yang berbeda, dengan F1 (3%) berada pada kategori sedang, sedangkan F2 (5%) dan F3 (7%) termasuk kategori kuat.